Changes in Speciation and Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge after the Ozonation Process

This work aimed to detect changes in trace element chemical speciation sewage sludge (SS) after the ozonation process. The modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was performed determine elements SS To assess potential soil contamination with from process, risk assessment code (RAC) coefficient used. bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation (TF) values were also calculated characterize efficiency accumulation studied plant species fertilized sludges Generally, mean concentration total process higher, but differences statistically significant only case Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd. dominant fraction Fe, Cr, Cd residual F4, while extractable/exchangeable F1 present smallest amount. Therefore, Zn, Ni, had a impact on increase content these fraction. application stabilized by for maize wheat fertilization did not significantly affect most analyzed metals aboveground biomass. Higher BAF coefficients ozonated found Cu Ni. In turn, determined TF lower than 1 cases. obtained results showed that slight change Ni causes specific their mobility environment. It should be noted due variable composition sludge, an analysis individual fractions carried out its actual can help indicate further actions undertaken limit negative